ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืืื–ืขืงืช ื˜ืจื ื“

ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื’ื—ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจ ืœืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฆืจืฆืจื”. ืืœื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช- ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืœืžื“ื™. ื›ืš ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื˜ื™ื™ืฅ ื”ืงืคืจื™

ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืคื ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ืขืฉื• ืงืืžื‘ืง ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืฉื™ืง ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™: ื›ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื™ื“ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ. ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื•

ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื• ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™, ื‘ื–ืืจื” ืคื™ืฆื—ื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”. ื–'ืงื˜ ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ืขื•ืจ, ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืจื“ ืžืงื•ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™, ื”ืคืš ืœื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืขืœื ืžืกื ื™ืคื™ ื”ืจืฉืช. ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉื›ื ืข

ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืกื— ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™-ืฉืจื˜. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื“ื—ืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ ื”ืงืœืืกื™, ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื•ืžื ืงืืžื‘ืง ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ

ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื”ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชืžืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ืœ ืฉืคืจื™ืฅ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช, ืคื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื” ื ื•ืขื–ืช ื•ืžืจืขื ื ืช ืœื‘ื–' ื•ืœื—ืžืื” ืฉืฉืœื˜ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ

ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื“ื•ืงื• "ืื•ืฃืจื•ืื“" ืฉืœ ืจื•ืชื ืกืœืข ื•ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืจื– ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื‘ืฉื• ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžืฆื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœSands and Camels โ€“ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืœื™ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ, ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืืกื™ ืขื–ืจ, ื™ืขืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ืื•ืจื™ ืคืคืจ ื”ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืžืฆื• ืืช ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืคืืฆ'ื™ื, ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืข ื’ื ืืช ื“ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจืช, ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’. "ื ืก ื’ืœื•ื™. ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื•"

ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืœื ื ืชื—ืžืง ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ ืจืง ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช ืืœ ืžืจืื” ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™/ืžืคื•ืงืคืง: ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ, ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื”ืฉืจืื”

ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืžื›ื›ื‘ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ืฉืœื• ื’ืื” ืœืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืงืจืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืžืืžืฆื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง. ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช "ืคื˜ืจื”", ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืฆื“ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื›-2,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื (ืื ืจืง ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืœืื™) ืฉื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ืœื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ?

ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืื ืก ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืคืขื ืืช ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื”

ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ื ืขืœื™ื™ื" - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื›ืคืคื•ืช?), ื›ืš ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื’ืขืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ื’ื ื”"ืคื™ื™ื‘ ืคื™ื ื’ืจืก" ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืื. ืื—ืจื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื–ื– ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืžื–ื ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืค ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข

ืฆื“ืคื™ื, ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืฉืชืื•ืช, ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืœืื™ ื•ืงืกื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืื—ื“ โ€“ ื•ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืื™ืžืฆื ื• ืื•ืชื ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื›ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”. ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ

ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ืžื ื™ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื - ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืืžืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืŸ. ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ืกื•ืžืง, ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืžืง ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘, ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ืืœื™ื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื’ื—ืžืช ื”ืžื ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื›ืŸ

ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื“ื’ืžื™ ืงืจื•ืฉื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืชืงืชืงื” ืื• ืขื ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืืงืœืงื˜ื™ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง ืงื™ืฆื™

ืคืขื-ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืคืจื™ื˜ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ืžื•ืฆื“ืง ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ - ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืกืื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื” ื”ืืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ืœื ื–'ืจื™, ืฉืžื˜ืจื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืง ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืœื“-ืืื•ื˜, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืืจื” ืžื™ื”ืจื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ืืช ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ-ืœื™ืคื’ืœื•ืก, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื ื•ื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื—ืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื™. ื”ืคืขื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื›ื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ืžืชืงืฉื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืขื™ืฆืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™. ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื’ื ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื (ืื• ืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื), ื•ื’ื ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช