ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ืงื“ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžื›ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›"ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื" ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืชืžื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื•ืžื• ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื›ืฆืคื•ื™, ื›ืฉืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื• ื’ื ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื - ืื—ืจื™ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืกืช ืžืจืื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉืกื™ืงืจื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ืจื•ืชื ืกืœืข ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืœืจื™ ื—ืžืืชื™ ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื™ื” ืขื–ืจืŸ, ืขื“ืŸ ื—ืกื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ ืขื ืง ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ืชื ื• ืœืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืจืคืืœ, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ืงืžืข ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื”"

ืืฉืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื, ื”ืžืืคืจืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ืขื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื ืชื ื” ื”ืฆืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœื™ืžืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื’ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ืœื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ืขืจื‘ ืžื ืฆื ืฅ. ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”

ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืขืœ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ืืจื ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืคื•ืค-ืืค ืฉื”ื•ื ืืื•ืœื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ืขื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ืืื•ื˜ืœื˜ ื ืคืชื— ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘, ื•ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืคืชื•ื— ืขื“ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืžืœืื™

ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืจื’ืข ืžื˜ืงืก ื”ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืœื ื™ื”, ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจืŸ ืกื ืฆ'ื–, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืืชืจื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื”ื›ืชื™ืจื• ืืช ืืจื‘ืืœื” ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจ ื‘ืช ื”- 13 ื›ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข

ืฉื™ ื–ื ืงื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืžืืœื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืฉืžืœืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืชื™ืขื“ื” ืฉื–ื•ืขืงืช ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ืžื›ืœ ืžืื•ืช ื—ื•ืจื™ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงื“ืžื™ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ื™ื”. ืขืคื ื•

ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื”, ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืžืœื ื™ื” ืžืืคื™ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจืŸ ืกื ืฆ'ื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค. ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ - ืขื“ ื›ื” ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืœื - ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืจื’ื” ืžื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืš ื ื•ืขื–ืช. ืžืืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ืคื–ืœ ื•ื ืชืคืก, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื›ื• ื›ืฆืคื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื ื• ื‘ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืคืจื™ื™ื

ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื ืฉืฃ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชื•ืืžื•ืช. ืžืœื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื•ื•ื ืงื” ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ื•ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืœื•ืง ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื. ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื?

ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื ื™ื” ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ืžื—ืจืคืŸ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื•ืื›ืŸ - ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืคืจื™ื™ื ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืื—ื“: ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื ืฉืง ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืขื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™. ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื ื™ื” ื˜ืจืืžืค

ืฉื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ ื ื•ืขื” ืืจื’ืžื ื™, ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื” ืžืกื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืชืจืžื”. ืืชืžื•ืœ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ื˜ืจืืžืค ื•ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช

ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื". ื”ืคืขื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืจืฆืฃ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช "ื”ืืžืช" ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœืื ื”ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉ ืฉืงื•ืจืŸ ืžืžื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš. ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืคื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืคื™ื, ื ื•ืขื ื‘ื•ื”ื“ื ื” ืžืฉืชื–ืคืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื”ื“ื ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื’ืขื’ืข ืœืงื™ืฅ

ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ืœื•ืง ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืื“ื•ื ื›ื”ื” ื•ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ "ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช" ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•. ื”ืฉื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฆื‘ืข, ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื ืกื™ื›ื”. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™, ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ื’ื ื“ืื’ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืกืงืกื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื‘- 1994 ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื ืกื™ืš ืฆ'ืืจืœืก

ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื‘ื ืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืœ, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ืกื•ืคืจ ื ื—ืฉืง ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ื•ื”ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ื•ื’ ื”ืกืžื‘ื” ื”ื—ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืคืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื’ื•ืจืคื•ืช ืžื—ืžืื•ืช. ืงื™ื“ืžืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื ืฆืคื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืœืชืœ, ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”