ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ืื ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ ืจืžื–ื™, ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืฃ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ืจืžื–ื™, ื•ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืฉื“ืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืžืกืื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืจื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืžื” ืฉื’ืจืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช. ืื™ืŸ ืจื’ืข ื“ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื–ื•

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืงื ืื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืจื–ื” ื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืงื™ืฆื™ ืœืžื“ื™, ืฉื›ืœืœ ื’ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืกื•ืคื•ืช. ืฉืœื ืชืชืงืจืจื™ ืœื ื•, ืื”?

ื”ืžืื•ืจืกืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืกืช, ืขื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื“ืœืžืŸ, ื—ื’ื’ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืงืฆืจืฆืจื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืžืกืื˜ืŸ ืžืฉื™ ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขืœ ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื

ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชืงืฉื˜ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื’, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ื”ืชืื: ืงื™ื ืฉืœืคื” ืฉืžืœืช ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื’ืขืช, ืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ-1995, ืงื ื“ืœ ื”ืชืžืกืจื” ืœืฉืื ืœ, ืงืœื•ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืชื™ืช ื•ืฆื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืงื•ืจื˜ื ื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื–ืจื” ื‘ื›ืคืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืžืจืคืง. ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฉืงืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืื ื” ื–ืง ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื. ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืคืกื˜ื™ื’ืœ ื”ืชืขืกืงื• ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืžืœื ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ ืฉืœื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžืชื•ืœืชืœ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืช ืกื“ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคืจื™ืžื™ื™ืจื” ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ ื•ืžืœื ื‘ืจืง

ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื˜ืจืกื˜ ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช - ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืจื˜ืจื• ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื. ื”ืคืขื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื ืงืืžื‘ืง ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ืช ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืื™ืžื•, ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ื˜ื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœืืžื”

ื“ื™ืืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืฉืง ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื˜ืจื ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืœืกืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ื. ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืชื—ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื”

ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื”, ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืœื‘ื ื” ืขื ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ืชืŸ. ื”ืฉืžืœื”, ื‘ืžืจืื” ืืœื” ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื”, ืงืจืฆื” ื’ื ืœื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœื ื• - ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™, ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขื ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืกื ืชืŸ ืืช ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ? ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ืชืฉื›ื ืข ืืชื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืœื ื ื–ืจื•ืง ืžืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ืœื•ืง ื‘ื•ื”ื• ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื? ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืกื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื•ืคื– ืœื‘ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืขื ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉ, ื‘ืŸ ืืคืœืง

ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ื—ื’ื’ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืœืืจื•ืกื”, ืื•ืฉืจ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืžื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืคื™ื ืก ื‘ื—ืจื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื ืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉื›ืœืœื• ืžืขื™ืœื™ื, ืกื•ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื›ื‘ ืฉื ืœื ืžืขื˜. ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืงืคื•ืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื

ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื ืจืืชื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื•ืœืคื ื™ โ€œื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืœืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸโ€ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคืงื” ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื˜ืจื ื“ "ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช". ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื ืฆืžื“ื” ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœื•ืง ืฉืœื

ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉืจืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืขื˜ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื™ื โ€“ ื’ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืื”, ื”ืื—ื“ ืกื•ืคืจ-ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื

ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื ืงืกื˜ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืงืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืฉื’ืขืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”. ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืฉื’ื ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื. ื”ื›ื™ ืคื™ื” ืžื›ืฉืคืช ืขื ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืœืืš

ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœื• ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืจื’ืขื™ื ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื

ืขืจื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื’ืจื ืœืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื–ืจื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืขื ืชื—ืจื” ืœื‘ื ื”. ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื ื”ื’ืจื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ื˜ืืฅ' ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื•ืงื ืจื•ืœ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื”