ืจืืฉื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘-FFื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช

ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื›ืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœื™ ืžืงืœืจ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ื•ื•ืœื ื™ื, ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื’ ืขื ืง, ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื˜ื•ืค, ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื•ืฉื›ืžื™ื™ื”. ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช "ืขืžื ื•-ืืœ" ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื˜ืจืœ ืคืืจืง

ืคื™ื™ื’' ื‘ื•ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ืช ื”-44 ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืื“ื™ ืžืจืคื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”-63 ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• (ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื’ื ืฉืœื”). ื‘ื•ืฆ'ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื” ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘. ืฉืžืœืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื—ื•ืš. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืจืื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘. ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื ื•

ืœืื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœืคื• - ืžื™ืก ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืก ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” - ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื” "ืœื ืชืฉื“ืจ ืกืงืก ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžื“ื•ืœืฆ'ื” ื•ื’ืื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืขืฆื‘ื• ืœื” ืื—ืช ื—ืกื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืืœื ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืขืœืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืง ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœืคื• ื”ืคืš ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: "ื–ื” ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจื ื™. ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”"

ื”ืื•ืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ, ื•ื’ื ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืœื•ืง ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ - ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคื ื• ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ื‘ืืžืช. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ืื™ืš ืœื, ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœืืจื‘ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื—ืกืจ

ืคืจื ื™ืœ ืจื•ื–ื ืงื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช โ€“ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ ื•ืขื ืืžื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœืš ืจื•ื—, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืค ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”

ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก, ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืงื˜ื™ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ืงื™ื ื” ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžื’ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ืื™ ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื”ื›ืœื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ โ€“ ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื’ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฆื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ืกืคื™ืจ ืคืจื– ืืžื ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ืžื›ื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ื•ื˜. ืฉื ืจืงื—ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช-ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช: ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื•ืกืงืกื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™ืช

ืื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื™ื• ื’ืจื•ืกื•ื•ื ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื. ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ืคื” ื•ืขื ื“ื” ื˜ื™ืืจื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื

ืขืฉืจื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืช ื‘ืชื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื• ืกื˜ื•ืคืืจื“ ื•ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื’'ื™ืžื™ ืฉื• ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ. ื”ื›ืœื” ืืžืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฉื”, ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืื™ืš ืฉื‘ื ืœื”. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” โ€“ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ืœื™ืช. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ ื”ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื, ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื

ืฆืžื“ ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ื•ืืœื•ื ื” ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืืจื–, ื”ืคื™ืงื• ืœืืœื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”. ื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื”. "ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืžื” ื ืขืฆื‘ ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื•, ืฉืœื ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื•", ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืŸ

ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขื™ื ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื’ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืฆืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืฆื ืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืฉื ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื’ืข ืœื ื’ื–ืœื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืžื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช: ืื—ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช, ืื—ืช ืกืงืกื™ืช, ื•ืื—ืช ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ

ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื•ืขื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ืฆื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื. ืœื™ื” ื ื’ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืกืงืกื™ืช, ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืœื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืขื ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ - ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœื”?

ืื™ืจื™ืก ื•ืืŸ ื”ืืจืคืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ืžื™ืง ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจืžื™

ื•ืืœืจื™ ืงืื•ืคืžืŸ ืคื’ืฉื” ืืช ื“ื™ืžื™ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืจืกื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื”, ื•ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช: ื˜ื™ืจื” ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื’ื ืงื•ืžื•. ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืœืœื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ