ืจืืฉื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืคื’ื™

ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”. ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืง ืืคื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื– ื ื•ื ืฉื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืกืจื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื

57 ื“ื•ืœืจ - ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื™ืง ืฉื ืžื›ืจ ื‘-2,780 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื? ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ืค. ื•ื’ื: ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื’ื•ืขืฉ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ื•ื ื™ื• ื‘ืืœืื ืก, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžืœืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ืกืžื‘ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืชืื•ืฆื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื’ื ืืชื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื”ื•ื "ืื•ืžื™ื™ื’ื“, ืืฉืžื— ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”". ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื›ื™ืจ

ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื’ืขื’ืขืชืŸ: ื”ื˜ื ืงื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœืื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื ืฉืœื, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืžื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ 2024 - ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืงื˜ืข

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืงืชื ืœื”ื™ื“ืœืง ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืฆื™ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื” - ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”-ื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฅ 2024, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืžืจืขื ืŸ ืœืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื”. ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกืชืขืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช, ืื– ืืกืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื™ืœื“ ื”ืคืœื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื—ื’ื’ 15 ืฉื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ื•ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•. ื•ื’ื: ืงื™ื ืงื˜ืจืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืกืžื ืช'ื” ื’'ื•ื ืก ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื•ื›ื‘.ืช "ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ" ื‘ืœื•ืง ืฉื”ืขืžื™ืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืจืืฉ, ื•ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉืœ ื ืืจื” ืกืžื™ืช' ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืฉืฉืžื—ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชืŸ. ื•ื’ื: ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืฆื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช "ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก" ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ื›ื™ ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ - ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืชื ืคื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืื—ืจ. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืขื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื. ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื” ืื™ ืคืขื

ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื™ืขืจ ื”ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื—ืฃ ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช. ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืคืจืื™ืช ื•ืžืจืื•ืช ืงื™ืฅ ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื

ื•ืœื ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืฆื“ื™ืง ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ: ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืค ืฉืชืฉื“ื›ื• ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ - ืžืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืงื–'ื•ืืœ ื•ืขื“ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืกืงืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขื ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื’ื: ืกืœื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืžื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืกืงืกื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืงืืŸ (ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื” ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ืคืจื•ื•ื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื), ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ืžืœื”ืงืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœืก ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืชืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงืืจื™ ื‘ืจืื“ืฉื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื– ื•ื‘ืŸ ืืคืœืง ืื›ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื ืื• ืœื - ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืชืช ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžื’ื” ืงื•ืœื™ ืฉืœื”. ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื•ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืืžื ื ื’ืจืคื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื’ื ืฉืชื™ ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœืก ืžื”ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื– ืฉื”ืขื™ืคื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ืš. ื•ื’ื: ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื– ื”ืœื•ื ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืจืฆื• ืชื›ืฃ, ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื” ืœื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืคืจืื“ื” ืžืชื‘ืจื’ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฆืžืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ืขื ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืขืคืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœืง ื”ืื ื™? ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ื ืง ื”ืื ื™. ื•ื’ื: ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืงืกื ืฉืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืคืฆืขื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ, ื”ืกืจื•ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืงืจื ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืงื™ืฅ ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ืงืืค ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืžืจื•ื— ืžืขืœื™ื•. ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืฉื ื™ ื”"ืชื™ืงื™ื" ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—, ื”ื˜ื™ืงื˜ื•ืงืจ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื›ื” ืœืจื’ืข ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ื•ื”ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื: ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆืคื” ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื˜ ื’ืืœื” 2024. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข