ืจืืฉื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืคื’ื™

ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืœื ื–ื–ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ืจืง ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืœืชืชื™-ื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘. ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืื”, ื‘ื–ื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื ื™ ืื• ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก. ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื–ืืจื” ื•ื“ื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”. ืคืœื ืฉืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ ืืจื–ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืื™ืœื ื“?

ืืœื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื•ืช ืชื•ืคืกืช ืขื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืœื•ืง ืœื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ื–ื™ืขื” ื•ืžืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช (ื•ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช) ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกื“ืจ ืืจื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืคืฉืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช

ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฉื ืขืœ ื’ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืฉื™ืง ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืื‘ื™ื‘, ืœืงื™ืฅ ื•ื’ื ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืš, ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืื™ืชื• ืžืžืฉ: ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ืฉืžื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืชื›ืœืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื“ืžื ื” ื’ื•ื•ืกืœื™ื” ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™? ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžื•ืคืจืš ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ืœื ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“? ื•ื’ื: ืืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืกืงืจืŸ ืขื ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—, ื’'ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืœื•ืื•ื•ื” ืขื ื”ืื™ื˜-ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ "ื”ืœื•ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืœื‘ืŸ" ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื“ืงืœื "ื•ื•ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ื™ื ื’ืก ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื’ืœืืกืก". ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœื•. ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ื’ื ืœื›ื: ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืกืงื™ืžืก ืื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืฉืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืืงืกื˜ืจื”-ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืจืฆื ื’ืจ ื•ืืจื•ืกืชื• ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ ืฆ'ืžืคื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื

ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ-ืคืืจื ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื‘ื™ื’ ื’ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉื, ื•ืœื—ื ื•ืš ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืงื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ื›ื™ื›ื‘ื• ืฉื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื ื• ืœื”ื™ื“ืœืง ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืกืงืจื ื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ื’ื•ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื

ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื•, ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืขืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ, ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ืฆื ืฆื•ืช, ื‘ืงื˜ืข ืžืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆืœื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืชื ื• ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ

ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืœื‘ืก ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™: ืฆื—ื™ ื•ืืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืื– ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื”, ืื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื’ื ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื”ืจื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืœืžื™ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื

ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘"ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื" ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ืœื˜ื ืฃ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื›ืœืœื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื•ื’ื: ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืฉืžื™ื™ื ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ, ืชื™ืง ื”ื˜ืžื’ื•ืฆ'ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืจื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืคื” ืฉืชื™ืง ื”"ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืง" ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื“ืœื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœืžื•ืคืข ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืœืžื’ืคื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆืžืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื™ืค ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™: ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืื’'ืก ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื•ืžืฉื™ืงื™ื ื’ืจืกื” ืขื ื•ื’ื” ืฉืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ืจืคืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจืชื™ ืงื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืกื˜ - ืœื›ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ืกื ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ืช ื”-30, ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื”, ืžืœื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื—ืœื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืจื•ืœืจื‘ืœื™ื™ื“ืก ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื "ืชืœื‘ืฉ". ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜

ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจืื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืื•ืชื• - ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจ, ืฉืžืชื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื’ื: ืงืœืืกื™ืงืช "ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืœ" ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ืช, ื”ื™ื›ื•ื ื• ืœื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื "ื”ืจื’ืข ืฆื“ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”" ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืœื™ื” ืคื•ืงืก ื ืžืฉืš ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื”ืืคื˜ืจ-ืคืืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ ืคื™ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคืง ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืก ื”ืื•ืกืงืจ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื’'ื•ืœื™ื” ืคื•ืงืก ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืฉื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืื™ ืงืจื‘ื™ืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื”, ื•ื’ื ืกื™ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”

ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืื•ืœื™ื ื’. ื“ื” ืจื•ืื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืขื ื”"ืžืจื’ื•" ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืจืง ื›ืฉืคืจืื“ื” ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืข. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ืกืชืคืง ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ืก, ื‘ืจืฉืงื” ืื• ืื“ื™ื“ืก

ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืจื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืจื•ืงื™ ื•ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืœ.ืื™ื™, ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื’ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืœืœ ืœื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืžืชื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข. ื•ื’ื: ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื˜ืื™-ื“ืื™ ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื“ืžื•ืข. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”