ืจืืฉื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ืจืขื•ืช ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ

ืืœื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื•ื• ืœื”ืŸ ืงื‘ืจื ื™ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืขืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืคืจื™ื–ืื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืกื™ืคืงื” ืจื’ืข ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืœืคื ืชื™ืื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื” ืืžื ื ื”ืฉืชืœืžื” ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ืื–ื– ื•ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื’'ื™ื’'ื™ ื—ื“ื™ื“

ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ Wandler ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื (ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ). ื’'ื™ื’'ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืคื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื

ื‘ืืกื•ืก ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช - ืžืฉืžืœื•ืช ืชื—ืจื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœื ืฆื™ืคื•. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื” ืฉืžืฉื’ืขืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช

ืืžื ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื›ืชืจ ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื”"ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜", ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืžื”ืจื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืงื™ื ื™'ื– ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื ืœืกืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืชื”ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ืจืกื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืฃ ื”ื“ื ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข: ืžื”ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื

ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–, ื›ืœืœื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช, ืœืฆื“ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืืชื’ืจื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื•ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื

ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื™.ื’'ื™ื™ื– ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชืžืกื“ - ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื•ืืฉืชื• ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืชื™ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืชืคืื•ืจืช ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกืœื‘ืก ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื˜ื”, ื›ืฉื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืงื ืื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื™ื›ืœ ื ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ืฉืžื”. "ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืกืคื ื•", ื›ืš ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืžื›ื•ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืชื™", ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ

ืฉืžืœืช ื”ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืจืกืืฆ'ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืขืœ ืœื ืื—ืจืช ืžืืฉืจ ื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืœื•ืคื–, ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจ

ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื“ืงื™ืงื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื”ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืจืฉืช. ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฆื˜ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœ ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”"ืื™ื˜" ื”ื‘ืื•ืช

ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจื™ ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืื™ืชื• ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื•, ื•ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื•ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืชืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืื ืก

ืื—ืจื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืคื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื ืฆ'ื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ืฉืžืœืช ื—ื•ืคื” ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’'ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืžืœืืช ื’ืœืื ืœืจื—ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช

ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืง ื™ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืœ ืฉืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค ื’ืกื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืื ืก. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืงื—ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืคืจืืฆื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืฉื™ืขืจื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ

ืื ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื, ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ื ืžื•ื›ืจืช, ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ืงืจื”

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ืื• ืฉืœืฉืœืื•ืช ืžืชื›ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืขื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืชื™ืง ืžืจืื” ืฆ'ืื ืงื™ ืขื ื˜ืืฅ' ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืœื‘ืฉ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ื• ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื–ืจื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื”, ืงืจืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ