ื”ืื™ื˜ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ื–ืืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื

ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื•, ื ื•ืื” ื•ืœื•ืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™ืฉืŸ ืขื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืœื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืฉืœืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ืœืชืคื™ืจืช ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื—ืœื•ื

ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื ืคื•-ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื– ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื•ื•ื™ืœื” ืœื• ื“ื™ืจื™, ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืช ื”-13 ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ ืจืืกืœ ืžื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืจืืกืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžืช'ื™ื• ืจื™ืก, ื›ืš ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืœืžื“ื™ - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ื•ื™ืœื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืืžื, ื•ืžืคื’ื™ื ื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜

ืœื˜ื™ืกื™ื” ืžืœื›ืช ืกืคืจื“ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื ืœื ื“. ืื– ืžื” ืื•ืจื–ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ? ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžืงื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉื›ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ืœื’ื•ืคื” ื•ืฉืžืœื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื’ืขืช ืฉืžืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆืžืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื“ ื›ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื– ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฅ

ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื˜ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืจืืฉ. ืขื ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ื ืขืจืช ืคื™ืงืืกื•" ื•ืคื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื”ืฉืจืื”, ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืื™ืช ื‘ื ืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ืžื”ืคื ื˜ ื•ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™

ืืชืžื•ืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ืจืฉืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช: ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ ื‘ืคืจื™ื–, ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ืกื˜ (ื–ื•, ืื’ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”) ื•ื”ืกืคื™ืงื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืกืžืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ ื•ืืจืžืื ื™, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืกืจื‘ ืœื–'ืืŸ ืคื•ืœ ื’ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืœื•ืง ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื“ื™. ืขื ื”ืžืจืื” ื•ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—, ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘-ื˜ื•ื‘

ื ื•ืขื ื–ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ืืจื™ืง ื–ืื‘ื™ ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชืžื ืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกืงืจื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจืขื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ืช ื‘ืช ื”- 17 ืฉืžืชื‘ืœื˜ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืืชืœื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืกืžื ืช ื›ืขืช ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžืงืจื•ื‘

ืคืจื™ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืื•ืคื ืชื™, ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื ื™ืฆืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืชื•ื. ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ืกืงืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœืขื“ ืงืจืฉื™ืŸ ืชืคืกื” ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืœืฆื“ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜) ื•ืืจืกื ืœ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืจืžืก ื•ืฉืื ืœ

ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงืžืคื™ื ื’, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื– ื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืคืš ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื” ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืจืืœืฃ ืœื•ืจืŸ ืžืกืคืง ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืชื”ื™ืœื”, ืขื ืกื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ืจื˜ ื˜ื“ื™ ืฆืžืจื™ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื• ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™. ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ืื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื–

ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ื“ื•ื—ืกืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžื—ื•ืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืกืคืงื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื”. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืขื ืœื•ืื™ืก ื”ืžื™ืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื˜ืœืžืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ื ืœื—ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืžื”ื

ื™ืขืœ ื‘ืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•-ืืจืฅ ื—ื’ื’ื• 21 ืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืง ืฉื›ืœืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืœื•ืงื™ื ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื” ืขื ื˜ื•ืค ืชื—ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืžืชื—ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื™ืœ 46 ื ืจืื” ืขืœื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืงื” ืจื’ืขื™ ื’ืœืื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–, ื‘ืจ ืจืคืืœื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ืœื•ืš - ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื, ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืง, ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื›ืกื™ืก ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ: ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื•ื”ืง. ื ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืจืฉื•ื

ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืคืชื— ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืœืชื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17 ืงืื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืคืงื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื ืขืžื™ ื•ื•ื˜ืก ื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฆื˜ืœืžืช ืœืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื•ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื

ื›ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื—. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื•ืจื–ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืš ืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืช ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื ืจืฉื ื’ื ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืจื™ื–ื•ืจื˜ ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืœ ื“ื’ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืžื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื”

ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื” ืœ"ื”ืฉืงื”" ืฉืœ ืœื• ืกืžื•ืืœ, ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืช ื”-17 ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื” ืœื–ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืกื™ืœ. ืกืžื•ืืœ ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืฉื’ืข ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืกืงืจื ื•ืช

ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”-20 ืฉืœื”, ืืœื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืœื•ืง ื‘ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืฉื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืจื”. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื•ืง ืขืžื“ ื˜ื•ืค ืชื—ืจื”, ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื’ื•ืฃ. ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืกื™ื›ืช ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื–ื”