ืจืืฉื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ

ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืžืกื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื’'ื™ืืœื”, ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื•ืฆืžื“ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืจืœืœื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื’ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ืœื™ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงืก ื•-45 ืœืขืฆืžื”. ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืชืฉื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืขืงืฉืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืื”

ื›ื™ืื” ืœืžืœื›ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“, ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ืช. ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจืคืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžืงืจื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืจื™ื“ื’'ื™ื˜. ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื‘ื’ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื›ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื. ื”ืœื•ืง ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื” ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื›ื‘ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ื’ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• - ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžืชืงื“ื - ื–ื™ืงื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื’ื–ื’ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื‘ืชืขื•ื–ื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืจื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ

ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ืช ืื™ื•ื•ื ืง ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืžื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ

ื–ื” ืืžื ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ 18 ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื’ื: ื“ืžื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืก ืœืžื•ืคืข ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื”, ืžื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืคื’ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ื—ื–ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื™ื™ื" ื ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ืืจื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืก ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ ื”ืžืกืงืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืก-ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ "ืฉืœื’ื™ื™ื”" ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Dujour, ื•ื ืจืื™ืช ื™ืคื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ืืœื™ื•

ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืจ ืืœืžืœื™ื—, ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืงืœืืกื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ืื™ืš ืฉืžืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืขื ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ื“ื ืื“ื•ื. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืžืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื˜ื” ืžื™ื™ื” ืฉื. ื”ืžืื•ืจืกืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื”ื‘, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืฆื—ื•ืจ ืขื ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื• ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ืžื™ ืฆ'ื•. ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ื›ื”

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืจื’ืœื”, ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ื”ื™ืœืก ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ืืš ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื - ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื›ื™ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื™ืขืฆื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื˜ืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ืœื ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืจืืฃ ืกื™ืžื•ื ืก ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืืœื‘ืจ ืืœื‘ื– ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืกื™ืžื•ื ืก ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ื ื—ืฉืง, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื ื•ื— ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื“ื™ื•ื•ืชื™. ื”ืื ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš? ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ื ืจืื”

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืช ื”-14 ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื“ืจืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ืื‘ื™ื‘-ืงื™ืฅ 2016 ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื•

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืคื™ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืœื•, ื ื™ืงื•ืœื” ื’ืกืงื™ื™ื”, ืจืืฃ ืกื™ืžื•ื ืก ื•ืžืืจืง ื’'ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก, ื“ืื’ื• ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืคืกื’ื” ื”ื–ื” ืœืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ื•ืกื™ืคืงื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืงืจืœ ืœื’ืจืคืœื“ ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ื”ืื ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ืจืกืื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื”

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืื•ืœ ื•ืœื•ืื™ ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืืœื ืกืคื™ืจื ื’ืก, ืฆืžืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืื•ืจื–ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ืกื” ืœืงืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฃ ืกื™ืžื•ื ืก ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ. ืืช ื”ื’'ื˜ ืœื’ ื•ื“ืื™ ืคื™ืฆืชื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘"ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืขื”", ืคื ื™ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช. ื•ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื? ื”ื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”

ื ืžืฆืื” ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช: ืกืคืจ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื "ื ืขืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ" ืžืชืืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืืช ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื— ืžืฉื ืช 1947, ื•ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžืจืชืงืช ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืื–