ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ: "ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื“ืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืคืจืง ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘"

ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืฉืื ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ื™, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžืชืจืขื ืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื, ืžืกืชืžื ืช ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”. ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช?

ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000 ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื• ืงืืžื‘ืง? ืคื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื ืช ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช. ืืœื›ืกื” ืฆ'ืื ื’, ื–ื•ืื™ ืงืจื‘ื™ืฅ ื•ื’ื ืœื™ื” ื ื’ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืžื” - ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ืื’'Xืคื ื˜ื™ ื’ืจืžื” ืœืจื™ื”ืื ื”, ืืžื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื–'ืจื™ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ืžืชื ืคื—ื™ื. ื›ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช (ืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš) ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ื™ืืŸ ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชื• ื”ื˜ืจื ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจื™ื’ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ืฉืจืงื“ื” ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืื“ ื‘ืื ื™ ื‘ืงืืกื™ื˜ื”, ืื•ืคืง ื–ืžื™ืจ ืžืกืคืงืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืžืงืจื•ื‘. ืžื”ืงื–'ื•ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืชืืžืฅ ื•ืขื“ ืžืจืื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื›ืจืช

ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื›ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื›ื• ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืงืกื™, ืชื™ืง ืงื ื‘ืก ื•ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ืืกืคื“ืจื™ืœ ืžืจืฉืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” Purple

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืฆื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืœื’ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ื•ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ืื—ืจืช) ืœืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”. ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ

ืกื•ืžืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื’ืœื•ืื•, ืฉืžืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืจืืฉื™ื, ืชื™ืง ืงืฉ ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื˜ื™ื™ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ืงืจื ืคื ื™ื ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืกืจื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืคืฆืขื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœืคื” ืžื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ืœืžื• ืœืคื ื™ 32 ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื•ื’'ื™ื ืก, ืœืฆื“ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” โ€“ ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืจืง ืžืฉืชื‘ื—ื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ. "ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ื›ืœื•ื"

ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ื’'ืœื™ ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจืช, ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ืžืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– - ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื. ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื”ืฉืงืคืงืฃ, ืฉืžืฆื˜ืœื ืžืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื• ื”ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ื’ื ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง, ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช "ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชืงื™ื" ืฉืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื“. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ ืžืชื•ืง

ื™ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ืื•ืžื ื ืœื ืžืชื—ืชื ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ (ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื), ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ ืœื•ืง ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ. ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ืง ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจืช ืคืกื™ื ืขื ืžืคืชื— ืฆื“ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’'ื™ื ืก ืœื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ

ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื—ื•ืช, ื™ื•ื›ื™ ืืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ืœื ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืงื™ืฆื™. ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ื˜ืงืก ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื“ืœื’ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืื•ืคื ื”

ืงืจื•ืœื™ืŸ ืกืคื ื™ื ื’ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื - ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื ื˜ืคื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืœื ืชืขื•ื–ื”. ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ื’ื‘ (ื•ืขื•ื“) ืฉื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžืžืคื•ืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื ืจืืชื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™ ืฉืœืงื—ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”. ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ืื’ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื”

ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœื”ืชืงืœื—, ื”ืคื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืชืขืงืฉ ืฉื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื”. ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืžื“ื™ (ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข), ื•ืื ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื•ื–ืืจื” ืื•ืžืจื•ืช - ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—

ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืฆื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™, ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื”ื˜ื•ืงื‘ืงื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื–: "ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ". ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืžื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืขื ืœื˜ืืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœ ื˜ืœ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•, ืงื•ืคืฆืช ืœื™ื ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืขื•ืžืจ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ืขืฉื” ืงืฆืช ื“ืจืžื”, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ืœื•ื”ื˜

ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื’'ื™ื ืก ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืžืœืช ืกืœื™ืค ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ืžื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืฉื™ืœื‘ื” ืื™ืชื” ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช: ื›ืคื›ืคื™ ืืฆื‘ืข ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ 3,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื ืฉืืจ ื ืืžืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืงื–'ื•ืืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœื•