ืชืงืจืื• ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืฉ: ื”ืื™ื˜-ื’ื™ืจืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ

ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืื ื” ืืจื•ื ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ืฉื’ืจื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืง, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื•ืง ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื—ื”

ื”ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ืกื ื™ืงืจืก ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงืจืืฉ, ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™, ืงืจื ืคื ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื’ืจื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ื ืขื™ื. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ื’ืจื˜ื” ืœื™ ืฉื™ื—ืงื” ื‘ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืกืจื˜ "ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื" ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื ื˜ โ€“ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืขื•ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืžื•ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื’'ื•ื ืช'ืŸ ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืœื•ืื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืขืจืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ืืœ"

ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ืฉืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื, ื•ืœื•ืง ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘: ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื“, ืื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš - ื”ื•ื ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืœ-ื–ืžื ื™ืช

ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ "ืœืจื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœ" ื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืจ ื–ื•ืžืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืงืจื ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœืช ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืขื ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื ื—ืฉืง

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืืกืคื” ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืœืชื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™: ื’'ื™ื ืก ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช, ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืขื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืงืฆืช ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ืฃ. ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื–ื” ืกื ื™ืงืจืก, ืชื™ืง ืžืžื•ืชื’ ื•ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ โ€“ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš

ืฉืืจืœื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื—ื’ ื”ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก ื‘ืžืขื™ืœ ื–ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจืก ื•ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืื• ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช, ืืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืชื›ืชื‘ืช ืขื ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืจื™-ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืคืคื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื”

ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืกืคืงื ื• ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืœืจื’ืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื–ื•ื’ืชื• ื“ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ - ื•ืื– ื’ื ืงืœื˜ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืฉืื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ืจ ืชื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ืฉืœื•: ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›-7,800 ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื›ืžื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ืฆืžืจื™ืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช? ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื™ืžื ื• ื•ื™ ืขืœ "ื•ื ื™ืœื” ื’ื™ืจืœ", ื ืขืœื™ ืžืจื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช - ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ

ื’'ื™ื™ ืœื•, ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื’ืœืื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื•ืงืคื“ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืขื ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜-ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ื•ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืœื›ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉืœื‘ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืขื ืืžื”. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืขื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืฉืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื’'ื ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื”

ืœืื›ื–ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืฉืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื”ื–ื” ืœืงื—ื” ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื”. ืื– ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืค ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืชื—ื”

ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ื’ื‘ืจืขื ืจื•ืฉืžืช ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Moevir. ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืคืงื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ-ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืกื˜ื™ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ื ื˜ื ื˜ื•, ื•ืฉื™ืœื‘ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ืชื™ืจื•ืช ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”

ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืงืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืกืชื ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ, ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื•ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ. ืงื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื ืกื™ื›ืช ืงืจื—, ืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืช ืกื˜ื•ืจืžื™ ื ืจืื• ื›ืžื• ืชืื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช, ืงืœื•ืื™ ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืจื•ืชื— ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ ื•ืงื ื“ืœ ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจืช ืงืœืื•ืก, ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ

ื ืกืจื™ืŸ ืงื“ืจื™ ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื”ื–ืžืจืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืคืข ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจื’ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”. ื ืกืจื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžื•ืงืคื“ ืฉืžืื“ ื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžื•ืคืข ื•ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ืื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื•ื’ื”, ื•ื’ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืกื™ืงื”, ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื’. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืกืจื™ื’ ืงืฉืžื™ืจ ืžื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื™ื• ื”ืชืื™ืžื” ื’ื ืขื’ื™ืœื™ ืคื ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื