ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”: ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืจื˜ืก (!) ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื™ื

ื”ืคืคืจืืฆื™ ื”ืฉืชื’ืขื• ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 4 ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ืงืจื•ื– ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืช 18. ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืžื—ื•ืš ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000, ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” (ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืืžื”)

ืœื™ืค ื˜ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ, ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ืคืจืื“ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื•ืจืก, ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืžื™ื• ืžื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื™ืค ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉื™ืฉ, ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืงืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื’ื ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื’'ื™ื ืก ื‘ื’ื™ื–ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืงืจื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื•. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ืื ื”ืขื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื”, ื”ืืจืคืจ ืกื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืจืฉื” ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืคืจืช, ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื’'ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”

ืžืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ื ืจืืชื” ื ืคืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ืœื‘ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”. ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ืกื’ืจื• ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืกื ื“ืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ื’ื ื”ื, ืœื•ืง ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ืœื ืžืชืœื”ื. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžืœื™

ืžืื™ื” ื•ืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ืจืืชื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™, ื’ืœ ื’ื‘ืจืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื”, ืœื™ืจืŸ ื›ื•ื”ื ืจ ื ืฆื ืฆื” ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื•ื“ื ื™ืช ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ืฉื• ื”ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืืœ ืืœื™ ื•ืฉื™ ืขืžืจ

ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก, ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืงื˜ื™ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ืงื™ื ื” ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžื’ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ืื™ ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื”ื›ืœื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืื ืœ โ€“ ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื’ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฆื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื™ื ื‘ ื›ืคื™ืจ ื•ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ืชืื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืžืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืœืชื—ืช ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืž"ื—ืชื•ื ืžื™", ืžื•ืจ ืจื“ืžื™ - ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื” ืœื ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ. ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืคืฉืชืŸ, ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช - ืžืžื™ ื ื™ืงื— ื”ืฉืจืื” ืื ืœื ืžืžื ื”?

ื”ืžื•ืชื’ "ืกืงื™ืžืก" ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืœื•ืข ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’. ื”ืคืขื, ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ืœื” ืงื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคื ืœื•ืคื™ ืžืดื‘ืจื™ื“ื’ืณืจื˜ื•ืŸืด. ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืฉืฉื™ื“ื›ื• ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืกื•ืคื˜ ืœืื•ื ื’ืณ, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื—ืžื™ืื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ

ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื ืชืคืกืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืขื ืจื›ื™ืกื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”. ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื - ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืฆื™ืคื™ื ื• ืžืžื ื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืขืคื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ

ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ืขื ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื–ื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื– ืœืฉืžืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืกื•ืงื”. ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช

ืงืฆืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•. ืจื’ืข ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื—ืฉืคื” ืงื•ืจืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืืžืค ืฉืœื” ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื. ืžืžื›ื ืกื™ ืงืจื•ืฉื” ืžื–ืืจื” ื•ืขื“ ืฉืžืœืช ืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื ืฆื ืฆืช, ืกื™ืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื ื• ืงืฆืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘

ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื˜ืงืก ืคืจืกื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ - ื’'ื•ืœื™ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืžืœืชื—ื” ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืขื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืคื•ืค-ืกื˜ืืจื™ืช ืงืคืฆื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื - ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืขืžื•ืก ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืคืก ืกื‘ื ื˜ื™ื–ื™. ื ื•ืขื” ืืžื ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• (ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”) ืขื ื’'ื™ื ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื ื˜ืข ืืœื—ืžื™ืกื˜ืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•