ืจืืฉื™ ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”

ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืืช ื”ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ - ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื ืžื•ืš ืื• ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื–ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืืœื™ื”

ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืฉืื ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ื™, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžืชืจืขื ืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื, ืžืกืชืžื ืช ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”. ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช?

ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื”ืกืจื•ื’ื•ืช, ื”ืงืœื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื” ืœื ืขืœื™ื™ื "ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจื•ืช" ืฉืฉืœื˜ื• ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ - ืœืฆื“ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชืืžืฆืช - ืžืฉื‘ ืจื•ื— ืงื™ืฆื™, ื ืฉื™ ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™. ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ?

ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืงื™ืช ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”. ืงืœื•ืขื•ืช ืื• ื—ืœืงื•ืช, ืขื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ โ€“ ืจืง ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื›ืŸ

ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืฆืื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ - ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืง ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื ืก ื•ืงืจื“ื™ื’ืŸ ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื—ืจืช. ื’ื ื”ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ื˜ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืœืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืขืœื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข

ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€“ ืžื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืงืœื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืคื™ืช. ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื”ืžืชืงืชืง ืฉืœื” ื›ืœืœ ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’', ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชืืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ื•ื— ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืฆืœื ื•

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื’ื ื›ืฉืงืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื“ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ: ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืœื™ื ื’, ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืžืจื™ืจื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ื‘-4,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื

ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืกืชื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช. ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ืคืคื” - ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื. ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ืœ

ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื“ื’ืžื™ ืงืจื•ืฉื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืชืงืชืงื” ืื• ืขื ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื•ื”ื•-ืืงืœืงื˜ื™ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื•ืง ืงื™ืฆื™

ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืืฉื ื™ืกื˜ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขื ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื, ืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืงืกื•ืžื”. ืขื ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืœื‘ื ื” ืื• ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืงืœื™ืœื” โ€“ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื™ืฅ

ื›ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืขื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื—ืœืง ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ื—ืœืง ืžืขืงืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ. ืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ, ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื ื•ืคืฉืช ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•. ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื? ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื

ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืœื ื–ื–ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ืจืง ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืœืชืชื™-ื˜ืจื ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘. ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืื”, ื‘ื–ื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื ื™ ืื• ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก. ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื–ืืจื” ื•ื“ื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”. ืคืœื ืฉืกืคื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืกืจื•ืจ ืืจื–ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืื™ืœื ื“?

ื ืขืœื™ ืžืจื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืจื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ืŸ ื™ืคื•ืช, ื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืจืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช. ืžื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืžืœืชื—ื”

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืจื’ืœื”, ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ื”ื™ืœืก ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœ-ืœื•ืง ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ืืš ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื - ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช

ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืื– ื ื ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ: ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื ื“ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืขื ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”