ืจืืฉื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ

ื˜ื•ื ืงืจื•ื–, ื—ื‘ืจื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ,ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืจื™ืžื™ื™ืจื” ืœืกืจื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”: ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœ ืขื–. ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉื™ื“ืจื’ื” ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฉืœื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ืื’' ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”) ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ืคืข ืชืœืชืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ื ื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”

ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืคืชื— ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื ื”ื’ืื”. ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื–ืจืช ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ืงื ืื”

ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืžื” ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืก ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื” ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ืงืœื™ืœื”, ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื•ืง ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืงืคื“ ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื•ื”ืง. ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื?

ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื ื• ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืœื•ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืกื™ื›ืช ื•ื™ื™ืœืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื ื• - ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืžื ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืงืคื™ืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื’'ื•ืจื’', ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื

ื‘ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืžื‘ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื” (ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืงืข ืœืžื“ื™), ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”

ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืฉืชื” ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืงื” ื‘ืจืžื–ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืจืื” ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืื”ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืชื”

ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืืŸ ื•ื ื›ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช' ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื”ืืจื™ื™ื˜ ืกืคืจืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืงื–ื•'ืืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืคื” ืœื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช

ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœื“ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืžื” ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืžื”ืจืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืžืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื–ื•ืจื—ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ืคืข ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—ื, ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืจื—ื” ืขื ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืกื˜ ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื•ื’ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ืคื™ืก ืื—ื“. ื‘ืชื” ืฉืจืœื•ื˜, ืฉืฆืขื“ื” ืœืฆื“ื”, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ื›ื™ืคื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข

ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืืžื™ืจื”. ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืขื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืงืฉ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื™ืคื”, ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœืื•ืžื™

ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืœื‘ืฉื” ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœื“ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืœืช ืžืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืช. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืชืคืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื”, ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื—ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™: ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืš ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™ืœ. ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช

ืœื˜ืงืก ืคืจืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื™ ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืคืกืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื ืกื•ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœืžืชื”. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ืืช ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ืคื–ื•ืจ ื•ืžืœื ืชืœืชืœื™ื

ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืžืกืคืง ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืฉืœืคื• ืžืื’ื“ืช ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืกื ื™, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืืžืฉ ืขื ื”ื ืฉืฃ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืžื•ื•ื™ืœืก ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ืคื•ืœ-ื’ืœืื ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ื ื•ืฆืฆืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ืœื™ืžื” ื•ื›ืชืจ - ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื–ื” ื›ืชืจ. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื—ืช ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื”ืืคื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”

ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืงืกื•ืžื” ื ืจืืชื” ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืชืŸ. ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžืœื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ืง ื—ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืง

ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืคืื”, ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื”. ืœืžื•ืคืข ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืืœ ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื”ื•ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืœืช ืงื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืื” ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืคืชื™ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื–ืจื ืขื ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืงื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉืชืชืื™ื ืœื ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื•