ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช FF

ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื” ื“ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืžืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘: ืืœืžื– ืœื‘ืฉื” ืžื—ื•ืš ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ื™ื•ืœืŸ ื“ื’ืžื ื” ืฉืžืœืช ืกื˜ืจืคืœืก ืžืชื•ืงื”, ืขื“ื™ ืžืฆืื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืก ืฉืœื” ื‘ื–ืืจื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืฉืžืœื” ืขื ื’ื™ืžื•ืจื™ ืชื—ืจื”. ืื•ืจื—ืช ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก: ืื ื” ื–ืง, ืฉื ื™ืฆื—ื” ืืช ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”

ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ืงื™ื ืงืจื“ืฉื™ืืŸ ื–ื•ืจืงืช ืคื™ืชื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™, ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืœ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืื˜ ืžื—ื›ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช. ืื– ืœืžื” ื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื“ืก ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ? ื•ื’ื: ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืคื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื ื“ืื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”, ื•ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืฉื’ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืช. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”

ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื ืžื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืื›ื˜ื” ืžืคื ืงืช, ื•ืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื–ื•ืง ืžืœืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื” (ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœืก). ื”ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืœืžื“ื™, ืฉืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื’ืžื ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—

ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืงื™ืฅ, ืืœื™ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื’ื ื˜ืœื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”. ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืงื™ื™ืฆื™ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื™ืฆื—ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืคืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืจืงืจืงื™ื, ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื“ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” โ€“ ืœื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœ

ื–ื ื“ืื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืืžื™ืจื”, ื•ื’ื ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืขื“ ืœืคืจื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœื” ืžืขื•ื˜ืจืช ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ืงื•ืจื™ื, ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื™ื›ืช ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงืจืŸ ื•ื•ืœืฃ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื•ืชื™ืื˜ืจืœื™ืช, ื•ืกื™ืคืงื” ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

ืžืœื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืื” ืœื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง ื ืงืฉ, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื•ืง ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืกืงืกื™ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื: ื’'ื™ื ืก ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ืค ืงืื˜-ืืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืžื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืคื” ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื– ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•

ื”ื™ื ืื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ืคืœื˜ืช ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื™ืก-ื‘ืœื• ืฉืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชื™ืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืจืงื ืงืœื•ืข ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง

ืžื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ื’ืœื• ืขืžื“ื” ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืขืœื” ืžืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช ื“ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžืกื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ืงื”ืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ. ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืืจื–ื” ืžืœืชื—ื” ืืงืœืงื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ืง ืฉื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ืฆื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™: ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืคืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืงืฉืจื” ืžืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืจืื” ืคืจื™ืื• ืงืฆืจ

ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ื ืฆืคืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืง ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืžืื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื•ืช. ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืงืจื•ืค ื˜ื•ืค ืœื‘ืŸ. ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื˜ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืขื ื”ื“ืคืก ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื’ื‘ืจืช ืคื™ื ืก ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ื”ืคืจืžื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื’ื‘ืขื” 338" ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืขื ืง - ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชืจืฆื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืงื” ืœื•ื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื ืจื’ืฉืช, ืงื™ื ืื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืœืื™, ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื”ืžื”ืžื ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ืžื™ ืฆ'ื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ื•ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื’ื ืื•ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ื™ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืืงื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงื ืจื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื™ืคืจื ื“, ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื’ื ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืง ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืžืื™ื” ืงื™ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜. ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืฆื—ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืชืชืคืœืื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉืฉืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ืœื•ืง ืชื•ืื (ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืงื˜ืข ืžื•ื’ื–ื). ื”ื•ืœืžืก, ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื”, ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืžืืกื˜ืจ-ืงืœืืก ื‘ื’'ืื’ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ื ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื ืจืืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืขื ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืงื•ืคื” ื•ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืคืจื ื–ื™ื

ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ืขื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืื•ื˜ืคื™ื˜ ืขืžื“ ืžื—ื•ืš ืงืืกื˜ื-ืžื™ื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื™ื, ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ ืžืฉืชืคืœ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื•ื“ื›ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืš ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืฆืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข

ื’ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืœื” ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืกืœื™ืค ืžื‘ื“ ื ืฉืคืš ื‘ืขืœืช ื›ืชืคื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืชืจ ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช. ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืกืขื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืจืื” ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืฉื ืœื‘ืฉ ืœืœื ื—ื–ื™ื™ื”. ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื ืฉืืจ ื ืงื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืขื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืืกื•ืฃ ืœื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœ, ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื— ืฉืœื” โ€“ ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื

ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืงืกืกื•ืจื™ื– ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื™ืฆื™, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื ืกื™ืคืงื” ื”ืฆืฆื” ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ืช ืžืชื•ืงื” ืœืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”