ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ: ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื

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ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘? | ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื’ื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื’'ืก

ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื” ื”ืฉืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 33 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืื•ื ื“, ืื• 192 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœ "ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ื’ืจืืฃ" ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ – ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื โ€œThe Graff Hallucinationโ€ ("ื”ื–ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืืฃ") ืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืž-110 ืงืจืื˜ ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื’ืจืืฃ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืœื• ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ื—ืฉืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ.

ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ืงื–'ื•ืืœื™ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืื• ืฆืขื™ื“ื” ืœืžื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืชื›ื ืกื•. ืœื•ืจื ื“ ื’ืจืืฃ, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื—ื‘ืจืช "ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ื’ืจืืฃ" ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื›"ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืคืช ืžืคื•ืกืœืช", ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ. ื’ืจืืฃ, ืฉื™ืกื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1960, ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ "ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื".

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"ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืคืช ืžืคื•ืกืœืช" | ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื’ื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื’'ืก

ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื’ืจืืฃ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืกืงื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืกื™ื” ื•ืคืชื— ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ. ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ืžืœื›ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืคืจืก ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1977, 1994 ื•-2006. ืžืจ ื’ืจืืฃ ื’ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืžืœื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื ื•ืช.

ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืงืฆืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืชืฉืžื—ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืœ"ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ื’ืจืืฃ" ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ.

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ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจืืฃ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ

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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœ"ื’ืจืืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื"